Showing posts with label Panama. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Panama. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 9, 2016

Finding Work In A Tough Economy Real-Life Examples

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Steve had lived the typical American life. He grew up in a middle-class family, worked his way through college, earned a bachelor's degree in communications, later married and started a family. But this idyllic life began to crumble when Steve found himself out of work with three little ones to provide for at home. He just couldn't find a job opening for someone with the degree he had worked so hard to complete.
Sound familiar? With the unemployment rate near 10 percent in the United States and even worse elsewhere, Steve could easily be one of today's unemployment statistics. But he's not. He faced his job crisis in the early 1990s, not 2011.
The example of Steve and others reveal tried and true principles for finding a job even in difficult times.

Steve's secret: creative flexibility

Steve did something very important. He changed to fit the job market rather than expecting it to change to fit him.
Like Steve, many of us will have to adapt to the changing economy. Specialized training or a degree does not guarantee a job. Technology makes some jobs obsolete, jobs move overseas, or unexpected shifts in the economy can disrupt local employment. Those who learn new skills or adapt the ones they have will find ways to succeed.

Steve's saga: working hard

Steve took a job with a local janitorial service cleaning buildings after hours. This work experience led him to apply for a job in the housekeeping department of a local hospital. He worked there for many months, cleaning patient rooms and emptying trash cans until an opening came up for a supervisor's position in the sterile supply department. Steve was promoted, and his new duties involved the sterilizing of surgical equipment and preparing the surgical trays for the operating rooms.
A few months later, the director of sterile supply resigned, and while the hospital looked for a new director, Steve asked that he be considered for the job (even though he did not have the exact qualifications). The hospital agreed, and Steve was named the interim director of sterile supply. His new duties included supervising 70 people and balancing the department's large budget. As a result of his persistence and hard work ethic, the hospital appointed Steve as the new director of sterile supply, a job he held for several years until a new opportunity came along with another company.
Steve now travels around the country using his communications degree skills in training people to use new software programs. It wasn't that Steve was a genius or more qualified that earned him a better job. Rather it was his willingness to take a job that was not his “ideal” and give it 100 percent for the good of the company.

Positive attitude and work ethic

This attitude or approach in life really paid off for Steve, and it can for you too!
While it's still very important to get an education and training, the attitude in wielding the skills you learn is equally important. One of the great kings of ancient Israel, Solomon, wrote, “Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with all your might” (Ecclesiastes 9:10).
Whether you're working in your dream job or serving tables while you wait for that job, you must give your best effort—because you never know what bigger and better opportunities may be just ahead.
In today's changing market, avoid limiting your job opportunities by having too narrow a focus. Think about how your interest might link to career opportunities you haven't considered. For example, many who trained as artists a generation ago now use their talent for graphics on video games. Or there's the stay-at-home mom who invented the decorative clips for croc shoes to decorate her child's shoes and then sold the “idea” for a million dollars.

Chet's secret: quick thinking

Be prepared to take unexpected opportunities when they come up.
Chet was my husband's grandfather, who lived through the Great Depression of the 1930s. The southeastern Ohio coal mine Chet worked in had shut down, and he moved to the state capital in Columbus to seek work. Depression-era unemployment rates make today's look mild.
While pounding the pavement one day to find a job, Chet was passing a factory building when he noticed smoke coming from the roof. He ran into the building to alert someone about the fire, which was swiftly extinguished. As a result, the owners of the factory were so thankful for Chet's quick thinking that they offered him a job on the spot, and he worked there for three decades until his retirement.

Success in your future

While you may not have control over the fluctuating job market, God has given you the ability to control how you react to the market. Like Steve, you may have to take a job that's less than “ideal” until other opportunities arise. In any case, determine in your mind to be flexible and do your job with all your might. It will pay off in the long run. If it worked for two ordinary men like Steve and Chet, it can work for you too!

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Wednesday, August 12, 2015

Chinese Interests in Bahamas

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In Brief... World News Review

Chinese Interests in Bahamas

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In 1962 the United States and Russia came dangerously close to nuclear war over the issue of nuclear weapons based in Cuba, just a few miles off the coast of Florida. Today there are concerns expressed over the presence of a Chinese company, Hutchison Whampoa Limited, in Panama, where it has contracted to manage the entrances to the former U.S. possession. The same Chinese company is currently completing construction of the largest container port in the world in Freeport, Bahamas-just 60 miles from Florida.
While this is a far cry from placing nuclear weapons close to United States soil, it has raised concerns that a company with Communist Chinese connections is operating in two strategic geographic points very close to American interests.
Several U.S. military experts say that these activities in both Panama and the Bahamas by Hutchison Whampoa Limited, a Hong Kong-based conglomerate, pose a significant risk to U.S. national security.
Officials for Hutchison Whampoa have heatedly denied any links with the Red Chinese government, but several established connections suggest that the Chinese government has a keen interest in the company's activities.
One port facility that has captured the interest of the Chinese government is Hutchison Whampoa's sprawling port facility in the tourist destination of Freeport on Grand Bahama Island.
According to the company's Web site, the port is located at one of the most strategic spots in the world because “Freeport is the closest offshore port to the east coast of the United States, at the cross-roads of routes between Europe and the Americas and through the Panama Canal.”
Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (Republican-Mississippi) and former U.S. Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger have expressed concerns about Hutchison's influence over the Panama Canal.
Lott has described the Hong Kong firm as “an arm of the People's Liberation Army.”
Hutchison Whampoa's chairman, Li Ka-Shing, is also a board member of CITIC-the China International Trust and Investment Corporation. U.S. intelligence sources have described the firm as a front for China's governmental State Council.
Congressman Dana Rohrbacher (Republican-California) has stated that CITIC has been used as a front company by China's military to acquire technology for weapons development. A recently declassified report by the United States Southern Command's Joint Intelligence Center, prepared in October 1999, said that “Hutchison Whampoa's owner, Hong Kong tycoon Li Ka-Shing, has extensive business ties in Beijing and has compelling financial reasons to maintain a good relationship with China's leadership.”
The military intelligence report also warns that “Hutchison containerized shipping facilities in the Panama Canal, as well as the Bahamas, could provide a conduit for illegal shipments of technology or prohibited items from the West to the PRC, or facilitate the movement of arms and other prohibited items into the Americas.”
Retired Admiral Thomas Moorer, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and former commander in chief of the Pacific and Atlantic Fleet said this of the Chinese efforts: “Of course the Chinese military sees the benefit of having a base, a future base, so close to the United States. What China is trying to do is get a kind of maritime position worldwide, and they need a home base, so to speak, in every ocean.” (Newsmax.com)

Thursday, May 22, 2014

Vertical News: Coffee Crop in Peril from Rust Fungus

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Vertical News: Coffee Crop in Peril from Rust Fungus



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Life without coffee? Rust causing fungus threatens coffee crops around the world.

mugs of coffee and beans
Source: freeimages.com/eziquelzic
Some headlines hit closer to home than others, and this one threatens to affect the cherished morning routine of millions of coffee drinkers. Coffee rust, a fungus, Hemileia vastatrix , that attacks Arabica coffee trees has already destroyed the varietal in Java, Indonesia and threatens more crops worldwide. Arabica beans are used for high-end coffee such as espresso and other drinks. It has reached Central America and is causing alarming damage there.
The fungus has been known of since the 1800s, and destroyed coffee production in Asia, an area which no longer produces significant coffee crops. However, its recent spread and difficult containment when it becomes airborne, threatens anew. Once it affects a coffee tree, and without fungicide treatment, it will kill the plant in several years.
Experts estimate that coffee production from Central America may fall by 15 to 40 percent in coming years, severely impacting a $100 billion industry with 25 million workers. The concern is that once coffee is no longer an active crop, desperate farmers may turn to drug production (Marc Lallanilla, “Trouble Brewing for Coffee Crop, Thanks to Fungus,” LiveScience at News.Yahoo.com, May 19, 2014).
Just like the weather, a seemingly small event can trigger a cataclysm. Who would think that a tiny spore of fungus could reshape an entire economic system, but the potential is there. We live in a tenuous world, much of our perceived stability depends on God’s mercy. 

Tuesday, October 8, 2013

World News and Trends: Russia allied with Cuba again?

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World News and Trends: Russia allied with Cuba again?


article by Jerold Aust, John Ross Schroeder


What will the ties between Cuba and Russia mean for the nuclear state of Venezuela?



According to Jorge CastaƱeda, Mexico's former foreign minister and now a professor at New York University, "Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin's surprising announcement in early August that his country would seek to 're-establish' ties with the Soviet Union's old allies in Havana stirred up excitement in many foreign newsrooms and raised eyebrows in a few foreign ministries around the world" ( Newsweek, Aug. 18, 2008).



We wonder why the surprise, since such a development would be in perfect keeping with the Russian Federation's foreign policy moves for the entire year.



The possibility of the Russian military using Cuba as a fueling station for its Bear bombers has been broached. These bombers are capable of carrying nuclear weapons. Russia is also increasing its ties to Venezuela, with President Hugo Chavez having already bought between $4 and $6 billion of arms from the Russians, with an apparent deal to purchase $60 billion more in the next six years. We may well ask the question as to why Venezuela needs all those arms. (Source: Newsweek. )

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Thursday, July 25, 2013

In Brief... Court's Jurisdiction Challenges National Sovereignty


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In Brief... Court's Jurisdiction Challenges National Sovereignty






article by Bill Eddington, Cecil Maranville, Jim Tuck





The arm of the law is growing more potent, and an age without political borders is dawning upon the world. National leaders accused of human atrocities no longer neccessarily have a secure place to hide.



The case of former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic who was handed over to an international tribunal recently, "demonstrates that even the highest government officials are vulnerable to international prosecution for human rights crimes," said Kenneth Roth, the executive director of Human Rights Watch.



In 1989 Manuel Noriega, the dictator of Panama, was seized and convicted of drug trafficking by the United States. The former leader of Chad was under arrest in Senegal until a new government turned him loose last year, but his fate remains in question. Then more recently, Augusto Pinochet, the former Chilean strongman, spent considerable time in British custody on a Spanish warrant before being allowed to return home. The trend is that the long arm of the law is growing in strength and challenging national sovereignties.



That trend is quite evident in a landmark decision by the International Court of Justice, the UN's highest judicial tribunal, when it ruled for the first time on June 27, 2001, that its provisional orders were binding on countries and that the United States should have acted to postpone the execution of a German national until his case was considered by the court.



Venturing into dual emotional issues-the death penalty in America and the extent of the United States' willingness to bow to international bodies-the 15-member "World Court" effectively sought to stake a claim of influence over the American legal system. The decision, which came in a 14-to-1 vote in The Hague, will please opponents of capital punishment in Europe and infuriate American opponents of international organizations and treaties that appear to intrude on U.S. sovereignty. President George W. Bush's first official tour of Europe was dominated by disagreements over capital punishment due to the recent execution of Timothy McVeigh, convicted bomber of a federal building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, that killed 168 people.



European politicians have expressed widespread disgust concerning capital punishment in the United States and the deep American suspicion about international authority. The countries of the European Union appear to have more of a willingness to accept the growing trend of more powerful international law, even if it challenges a nation's capacity to maintain its own right of sovereignty.



Sources : New York Times, The Washington Post .

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Tuesday, July 23, 2013

In Brief... World News Review: Chinese Interests in Bahamas


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In Brief... World News Review: Chinese Interests in Bahamas






article by Cecil Maranville, John Ross Schroeder, Peter Eddington





Concerns have been raised by Communist Chinese connections so close to American soil.



In 1962 the United States and Russia came dangerously close to nuclear war over the issue of nuclear weapons based in Cuba, just a few miles off the coast of Florida. Today there are concerns expressed over the presence of a Chinese company, Hutchison Whampoa Limited, in Panama, where it has contracted to manage the entrances to the former U.S. possession. The same Chinese company is currently completing construction of the largest container port in the world in Freeport, Bahamas-just 60 miles from Florida.



While this is a far cry from placing nuclear weapons close to United States soil, it has raised concerns that a company with Communist Chinese connections is operating in two strategic geographic points very close to American interests.



Several U.S. military experts say that these activities in both Panama and the Bahamas by Hutchison Whampoa Limited, a Hong Kong-based conglomerate, pose a significant risk to U.S. national security.



Officials for Hutchison Whampoa have heatedly denied any links with the Red Chinese government, but several established connections suggest that the Chinese government has a keen interest in the company's activities.



One port facility that has captured the interest of the Chinese government is Hutchison Whampoa's sprawling port facility in the tourist destination of Freeport on Grand Bahama Island.



According to the company's Web site, the port is located at one of the most strategic spots in the world because "Freeport is the closest offshore port to the east coast of the United States, at the cross-roads of routes between Europe and the Americas and through the Panama Canal."



Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (Republican-Mississippi) and former U.S. Defense Secretary Caspar Weinberger have expressed concerns about Hutchison's influence over the Panama Canal.



Lott has described the Hong Kong firm as "an arm of the People's Liberation Army."



Hutchison Whampoa's chairman, Li Ka-Shing, is also a board member of CITIC-the China International Trust and Investment Corporation. U.S. intelligence sources have described the firm as a front for China's governmental State Council.



Congressman Dana Rohrbacher (Republican-California) has stated that CITIC has been used as a front company by China's military to acquire technology for weapons development. A recently declassified report by the United States Southern Command's Joint Intelligence Center, prepared in October 1999, said that "Hutchison Whampoa's owner, Hong Kong tycoon Li Ka-Shing, has extensive business ties in Beijing and has compelling financial reasons to maintain a good relationship with China's leadership."



The military intelligence report also warns that "Hutchison containerized shipping facilities in the Panama Canal, as well as the Bahamas, could provide a conduit for illegal shipments of technology or prohibited items from the West to the PRC, or facilitate the movement of arms and other prohibited items into the Americas."



Retired Admiral Thomas Moorer, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and former commander in chief of the Pacific and Atlantic Fleet said this of the Chinese efforts: "Of course the Chinese military sees the benefit of having a base, a future base, so close to the United States. What China is trying to do is get a kind of maritime position worldwide, and they need a home base, so to speak, in every ocean." (Newsmax.com)

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Tuesday, July 16, 2013

What Will Happen to Latin America?

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Free Trade Area of the Americas What Will Happen to Latin America






article by Fred Nance





The United States can no longer take its superiority in the economy of the western hemisphere for granted. The EU's economic reach grows ever longer and its influence ever stronger.



Many people in the western hemisphere desire the "American dream." The prosperity and economic boom of the 1990s in the United States has many nations longing for open markets, so they can begin to taste some of the good times. On the planning table is the "Free Trade Agreement of the Americas" (FTAA) that would create the largest free trade agreement the world has ever seen. It is hoped that by the year 2005, the FTAA will create a market of 800 million people in the Americas, from the Arctic to Antarctica.



This past April, 34 nations participated in the Summit of the Americas in Quebec. President Bush actively took part in that summit and has been asking the U.S. Congress for authority to negotiate this agreement. "I will look south, not as an afterthought, but as a fundamental commitment of my presidency. Those who ignore Latin America do not fully understand America itself," said the president ( Latin Trade Magazine, June 2001, p. 30). He has promised that the trade zone will not only create markets for the United States, but will fortify democracy in Latin America and spread the economic benefits equitably.



Can a partnership be forged between the United States and Latin America? What is the most likely scenario for these nations, according to Bible prophecy?



As pointed out in a recent New York Times article, the combination of democracy and free enterprise in Latin America does not guarantee higher living standards. Every nation in the western hemisphere except Cuba presently has an elected government, with increasingly open markets. Yet, 224 million Latin Americans (roughly 36 percent of the population) live in poverty. Many of these nations are experimenting with democratic capitalism for the first time. As a result of this experimentation, economic benefits do not filter down to the masses, because the region's rigid social structure isn't equipped to equitably distribute wealth.



"Latin Americans get to choose their leaders, but once they are in place, it's the old cliques that make the bottom-line decisions that are suitable to their own needs, not the needs of the people," says Hernando De Soto, a Peruvian economist ("Latin America's Poor Survive It All," New York Times, June 24, 2001).



The source of divergence



Why are the United States and Canada so much more prosperous and more democratic than Latin America?



Ibero-America actually had a head start on the United States and Canada. The first permanent Spanish settlement was established in 1493 on Hispaniola in what is today the Dominican Republic. The first permanent British colony was established more than a century later, in 1607 at Jamestown in what was to become Virginia.



Venezuelan writer Carlos Rangel wrote: "As late as 1700, the Spanish American empire still gave the impression of being incomparably richer, much more powerful and more likely to succeed than the British colonies of North America" (Lawrence E. Harrison, The Pan-American Dream, 1997, p. 18). Latin America had an earlier start, yet British America surpassed it in power and influence.



Lawrence Harrison writes: "As we approach the end of the 20th Century, Latin America is roughly fifty years behind the United States and Canada in terms of the prosperity of its citizens and the solidity of its democratic institutions" (ibid, p. 18). What explains this flip-flop in history?



We can turn to Bible prophecy for the answer. God made known through Jacob that Joseph's descendants would receive the birthright promises "in the last days" (Genesis 49:1And Jacob called unto his sons, and said, Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which shall befall you in the last days.



See All..., 22-26). It is because of the tremendous physical blessings promised to the descendants of Joseph that the United States has prospered so much more and become more powerful. The United States was molded from British, Anglo-Protestant traditions, whereas Latin America traces its roots to Ibero-Catholic culture. These are the fundamental differences that explain the divergence between the nations of the Americas at the beginning of the 21st century.



Where will it go from here? Can a partnership be forged among all the nations of America?



Leadership needed



There are many who believe that without leadership, the United States might lose out in the competition for Latin American markets. Jenny Bates, an international economist at the Progressive Policy Institute, writes: "There is an emerging risk of the United States being slowly shut out of Latin American markets, while our competitors, particularly the European Union, gain ground. In the future, if Latin American countries face lower barriers on imports from the EU than from the United States, they will purchase goods and services, including highly lucrative capital goods, from our competitors. This potential outcome is not lost on the Europeans" ( Blueprint Series, Ideas for a New Century, 2001, p. 5).



Despite President Bush's desire to negotiate a free trade pact, many forces are at work to prevent it. Powerful U.S. interest groups, especially labor unions and environmentalists, oppose free trade. The U.S. Congress itself might be against it, as President Clinton found out when he failed to obtain the renewal of "fast track" negotiating authority that he needed to forge a similar accord.



Whether free trade is reached throughout the western hemisphere, one can be sure that Europe is watching these developments closely. Europe has a strong historical, cultural and demographic relationship with many countries of Latin America. European multinational corporations have established a major presence there.



Corporations from Spain are especially dominating in acquisitions of banking, energy and telecommunications to the point that they will soon hold pan-regional power in Latin America. A trade agreement between Mexico and the European Union was recently signed, which was Europe's response to NAFTA. Some economists believe that agreement set the pattern for possible future trade agreements between Europe and Latin America.



From "dollarization" to "euroization?"



"Dollarization," the abandoning of a country's local currency to adopt the dollar, has been occurring in some Latin American nations. Last year, Ecuador officially adopted the dollar. El Salvador began using it as legal currency on January 1, 2001. Guatemala joined the race to dollarize in May, and it is also being discussed in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Argentina has pegged its peso one-to-one with the dollar for a decade.



Now Argentina has announced it will also link its peso to the euro. The value of the peso will be fixed at one euro, as soon as the euro rises to parity with the dollar. When the euro rises or falls against the dollar, the peso will be set at the mid value between the two currencies.



Cuba has also debated switching to the euro, although no action has been taken at this time. Might this become a trend, if poor Latin American countries see a more powerful Europe rising and the leadership of the United States declining, as Bible prophecy foretells?



Economic system foretold



Latin America's desire to embrace globalization and free markets could lead it to make an economic pact with a coming world economic system that is unveiled in the 18th chapter of Revelation. There it describes the merchants of the earth becoming rich by her (verse 3) and states they will mourn because Babylon, the greatest customer for their goods, will be gone after she is destroyed (verse 11).



The increasing presence of European multinational corporations, along with the historical and cultural ties between Europe and Latin America make the possibility of future trade alliances and monetary movements worth watching. WNP

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Tuesday, June 19, 2012

Panama: Another Major Sea Gate Relinquished

From http://el-paso.ucg.org/ or call 1-888-886-8632.







article by Melvin Rhodes





The Panama Canal is an engineering marvel and a symbol of "The American Century." What is the significance of America's decision to turn it over to Panamanian control?



Gibraltar, Malta, Cyprus, Suez, Aden, the Maldive Islands, Ceylon, Singapore and Hong Kong are legendary sea gates one encounters en route from the British Isles to the Far East. These gates gave Great Britain mastery of the seas for more than two centuries. These vital passages played an important part in times of military conflict and economic expansion. Without them it is questionable whether the Allies could have won the two world wars.



Travelers west encountered Bermuda, one of the first sea gates to be acquired by the British crown, the first with its own parliament. Bermuda remains a British possession. Further west were Britain's island properties in the Caribbean. Further south the Falkland Islands enabled the Royal Navy to control the area around Cape Horn, the southern tip of South America. St. Helena, Ascension Island, the Cape of Good Hope around South Africa, Mauritius, the Seychelles and Diego Garcia were all strategically located portals that controlled key ocean passages around the globe, granting the British people unrivaled dominance of the seas.



America becomes an international power

Later, after the Spanish-American War of 1898, America joined Great Britain as a world power. With the peace settlement that followed the war, the United States became a major sea power with the acquisition of its own sea gates in important locations. The Philippines and Guam gave America a major Pacific presence, while Puerto Rico and a military base in Cuba extended American influence in the Caribbean. Hawaii was also annexed in 1898. But the most important events were yet to come.



The Spanish-American War brought home to Americans a major strategic weakness. The weakness was attributable to simple geography: It took a long time for a ship on one of the country's coasts to travel to the other coast. Ships had to go around Cape Horn at the southern end of South America, one of the most hazardous shipping routes on earth. Even if danger had not been a problem, distance alone meant that any sea travel from coast to coast took months.



The 1898 war demonstrated a military weakness when the United States had to quickly dispatch the battleship Oregon to Cuba after the U.S.S. Maine was blown up in Havana Harbor. Victory in the Caribbean was said to depend on the Oregon.



But first the ship had to travel from San Francisco 12,000 miles around Cape Horn, a journey that was expected to take two months. Long periods elapsed with no news of the ship. Americans followed her journey with mounting concern and excitement. Then, 67 days after leaving the West Coast, she was spotted off the coast of Florida, arriving just in time to play a role in the crucial Battle of Santiago Bay. Those 67 days emphasized the growing need for a so-called path between the seas that would link the Pacific and Atlantic and eliminate lengthy and dangerous journeys around Cape Horn.



Roosevelt's dream

Modern technology now made possible a dramatic and far-reaching solution. President Theodore Roosevelt became the driving force behind the building of what was to become the Panama Canal. Indeed, it was to be the greatest accomplishment of his administration, the one of which Roosevelt was to be most proud while at the same time the one that caused the most controversy.



Writes historian David McCullough: "Roosevelt was promoting neither a commercial venture nor a universal utility. To him, first, last, and always, the canal was the vital—the indispensable—path to a global destiny for the United States of America. He had a vision of his country as a commanding power on two oceans, and these joined by a canal built, owned, operated, policed, and fortified by his country. The canal was to be the first step to American supremacy at sea" (The Path Between the Seas, 1977, p. 250). The same writer adds: "All other benefits resulting, important or admirable as they might be, were to him secondary" (ibid.).



What would Teddy Roosevelt have thought had he known the canal would remain in American hands for less than a century? Would he have built it at all?



On the last day of 1999 the United States ceded control of the canal to the nation of Panama under the terms of a revised treaty agreed to during the Jimmy Carter administration. In turn, Panama had already agreed to hand over much of the administration of the vital sea gate to a private Chinese company, which, like all other companies in China, is subject to control of the communist Chinese government.



Roosevelt correctly envisioned the Panama Canal as a significant advancement in American power. The building of the canal was to be a major step toward the country's domination of the world, enabling it to replace Great Britain as the major naval power by the end of World War II and usher in a half century of unprecedented prosperity.



Before suddenly assuming office after the assassination of President William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt had been heavily influenced by his own experiences in the 1898 war with Spain and by an influential book written by a member of the faculty at the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island. Roosevelt had met the writer, Alfred Thayer Mahan, when Roosevelt had been invited to lecture there on his specialty as a historian, the War of 1812.



Mahan's book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, was published in 1890 and became an international best-seller. The writer received honorary degrees at Oxford and Cambridge before being invited to dine with Queen Victoria at Buckingham Palace. Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm II, anxious to build a navy to rival Britain's, saw to it that copies of Mahan's book went to all of his naval captains and officers.



Japanese military colleges adopted the book as a text while, at home, Yale and Harvard conferred honorary degrees on Mahan. He was enthusiastically supported by members of Congress. "It is sea power which is essential to every splendid people," Henry Cabot Lodge declared from the Senate floor.



Notes David McCullough: "By tracing the rise and decline of past maritime powers, he [Mahan] had arrived at the extremely simple theory that national greatness and commercial supremacy were directly related to supremacy at sea" (p. 251).



A dream fulfilled

The building of the Panama Canal was one of the greatest engineering feats of history. Interest in the project began soon after the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869. Suez, the artery of the British Empire, connecting Great Britain with its Indian and other Asian possessions, was built by a French engineer, Ferdinand de Lesseps. The 74-year-old de Lesseps undertook the task of constructing an even greater waterway in Panama, but the effort collapsed in 1889. It was left to the United States to pursue the project in the new century.



The United States waited for the Colombian congress to debate its request to build a canal across Colombian territory. Preoccupied with a civil war between 1899 and 1903, the Colombians hesitated. The people of Panama then revolted against their Colombian rulers, and the United States accepted the rebels' offer of a treaty that granted the United States sovereignty (total control) over a 10-mile-wide Canal Zone in exchange for an annual payment to be made to the new Republic of Panama. Although the United States denied any direct involvement in the rebellion against Colombia, U.S.—Colombian relations suffer to this day. Relations with Panama have not been easy, either.



Work on the canal began in 1904, but little progress was evident before 1906 because of disputes over the type of canal that should be built. Completed in 1914, the canal is 51.2 miles long. Ironically, that same year saw the opening salvos of World War I in Europe and among European colonies around the world. This war was to see America's involvement in world affairs increase and the United States advance as a naval power rivaling Great Britain.



Prophecies of sea gates

We should not underestimate the importance of sea gates in catapulting Great Britain and the United States into world powers, as well as serving as strategic defense outposts. They are so important, in fact, that the acquisition and loss of such strategic strongholds were prophesied in the Bible thousands of years ago.



Genesis 48 reveals that God's promises to the patriarch Abraham were passed on to his great-great-grandsons Ephraim and Manasseh. Their descendants were prophesied to become a "great" people and "a multitude of nations" (verse 19). The blessings passed down from Abraham included the promise that Ephraim's and Manasseh's descendants were to "possess the gate of their enemies" (Genesis 22:17That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies;



See All...; 24:60).



The 19th and 20th centuries have seen a "great" nation and "a multitude of nations" rise to a prominence and prosperity unlike anything the world had seen. The United States and the British Commonwealth dominated the oceans, not only through powerful military and merchant fleets, but through strategic choke points—"gates"—that controlled military and economic traffic worldwide.



Just as the acquisition of the gates gave the two nations worldwide preeminence, so does their loss dramatically illustrate declining power and military might. Major turning points in the decline of Great Britain were the loss of two of the most strategically important sea gates. The United States is following a similar path as it, too, surrenders sea passages that previous generations of Americans recognized as vital to national security.



Good-bye to sea gates

Two of the turning points in the decline and fall of the British Empire were the loss of Singapore to the Japanese in 1942 and the loss of the Suez Canal to Egypt 14 years later. Singapore, Britain's major naval base in the Far East, was considered impregnable. It easily fell to the Japanese, who invaded through the jungles of British Malaya from the north, a direction from which the British had not anticipated a threat.



Singapore's loss was a major psychological blow to British pride, the biggest defeat the empire had suffered at the hands of an Asian nation. It sent a powerful message to other Asians that it was possible to defeat a seemingly invincible power. Although the British regained control of Singapore after the defeat of Japan in 1945, they voluntarily withdrew from the base a quarter of a century later when they could no longer afford to base troops there.



Suez was the final deathblow to hopes of continued empire. A group of army officers overthrew Egypt's King Farouk in 1952, promising to rid the country of foreign influence. The military men agitated for Egyptian control of the canal and finally seized it in 1956.



British, French and Israeli troops invaded Egypt. International financial pressures against Britain followed, and the Eisenhower administration refused to provide U.S. support, thereby effectively ending British and French control of the Suez Canal. The ripple effect was the collapse of both colonial empires and the proliferation of new states around the world—situations that have complicated international diplomacy in recent years.



The loss of superpower status

Is America following in Britain's footsteps? In the less than 25 years since the 1977 Panama Canal treaty guaranteed the handover of the channel, the United States has lost its military bases in the Philippines and scaled down its military forces and bases throughout the world. Meanwhile American military commitments have increased, with escalating pledges of support and involvement in minor nations throughout the world, a burden the United States increasingly tries to share with its NATO allies and the United Nations.



This paradox is sometimes referred to as imperial overreach, the same problem that afflicted Great Britain in its decline. A superpower tends to overcommit itself in an effort to try to maintain its leadership role. Eventually global commitments effectively result in no commitment because forces in each area are spread too thin on the ground. Current trends suggest America is following the same path as Great Britain, its predecessor as world superpower.



Almighty God, who declares that He can give nations "the gate of [their] enemies," also said that because of national disobedience He can and does remove such blessings. He prophesied to the ancient Israelites that if they and their descendants refused to obey Him He would "break the pride of [their] power" (Leviticus 26:19And I will break the pride of your power; and I will make your heaven as iron, and your earth as brass:



See All...). This verse is part of a chapter in the Bible that is a powerful prophetic reminder of the consequences of a people's actions—whether they choose to obey or disobey God's commands. A rise to international greatness can be quickly followed by a precipitous decline when a nation forgets God. GN

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